LanguageTeach

San Jose City College

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VERBALS AFTER VERBS OF PERCEPTION AND PROGRESSIVE AND PASSIVE FORMS OF INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

VERBS OF PERCEPTION TAKE TWO-PART OBJECTS: Some common verbs of perception are see, hear, smell, feel, watch, observe, notice, listen to. The two-part objects are as follows:

• A DIRECT OBJECT + THE BASE FORM OF A VERB (TO EMPHASIZE THE COMPLETED ACTION OF THE VERBAL)
† Scientists have watched the flow of ice from glaciers double in the last 30 years.

• A DIRECT OBJECT + THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE (TO EMPHASIZE THE CONTINUING ACTION OF THE VERBAL).
† Environmental scientists have observed many plant and animal species moving closer to
the poles.

What other phenomena associated with global warming have the peoples of the world observed? Click the verbal that is the better choice, given the meaning of the sentence. If it's green, it's the better choice.

1. We have seen malaria spreadspread / spreadingspreading to higher altitudes in the Columbian Andes.

2. We have seen the number of hurricanes doubledouble / doublingdoubling .

3. We have heard scientists warn warn / warning warning about deaths from global warming.

4. People in the northern hemisphere have noticed heat waves become become / becoming becoming more frequent and intense.

5. Scientists have observed the Arctic Ocean gradually loselose / losing losing ice.

6. We have seen thousands of species be driven be driven / being drivenbeing driven to extinction.

7. And still we hear some politicians say say / saying saying that global warming is a hoax.

A quote from an Internet blog: [Note the perfect modal verb phrase.]
"We may actually all be better off (long term) with [Al Gore] on his Global Warming campaign than as president. Not because he would have been a bad president, but because he's trying to positively impact human civilization for the next few centuries, not for 4 (or 8) years."

† VERBALS AFTER VERBS OF PERCEPTION

In the following table, use the verb given and the emphasis suggested. The verbal used is basically the choice of the writer and his/her intention to emphasize the completion of the action perceived or to emphasize the duration of action perceived, e.g. She heard the policeman whistle vs. She heard the policeman whistling.

1. run duration	When Katharine stops at an intersection, she can't even hear the engine of her Prius .
2. bump completion	When she stopped at an intersection, she felt a car lightly into her from behind..
3. turn completion	When Katharine spoke to the other driver, she noticed his face red.
4. run completion	As she was speaking to the other driver, she saw a car a red light..
5. screech duration	Then she heard tires .
6. yell duration	She heard pedestrians at the man who had run the red light..
7. write completion	She saw people down his license number.
8. blare duration	Soon she heard sirens .
9. talk duration	On the way home, she saw the police to the man who had run the red light..
10. put completion	She watched them this drunk driver into the squad car to take him to jail..

† PROGRESSIVE AND PASSIVE FORMS OF INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

Infinitives can have progressive and passive forms as well as a perfect form to emphasize completion of the action or state implied by the infinitive. Note these examples:
Note the examples below.

     • Many terrorists are believed to be hiding along the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan.
       to + be + present participle = progressive infinitive

     • Many terrorists are believed to be incarcerated in secret prison camps.
       to + be + past participle = passive infinitive

     • Not to have focused on Afghanistan was a major error of the Bush administration.
       to + have + past participle = perfect infinitive to imply an earlier time

Gerunds can have perfect active and passive forms. Note the examples below.

     • Many American politicians regret having supported their president in the invasion of Iraq.
       having + past participle = the perfect form of the gerund

     • The 2006 midterm elections indicated that many Americans were angry about
       having been misled.

	† INFINITIVE OR GERUND? PRACTICE USING PASSIVE, PERFECT, AND PERFECT PASSIVE FORMS OF INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS. (Type a question mark for help.) Select the correct infinitive or gerund form of the verb given to complete the sentences below. Remember that infinitives and gerunds have nominal sentence positions as subjects and objects. Perfect forms place emphasis on completion of an action at an earlier time.
1. arrest	Mike's several times hurt his chances for a government job.
2. consider	Mike didn't want a hardened criminal.
3. accumulate	Mike regretted a long criminal record.
4. abuse	Some criminals blame their fate on as a child.
5. see	Most people want as honest.
6. accuse	wrongfully was the worst thing that ever happened to Frank.
7. be	successful was the poor man's dying wish.
8. end	Negotiators involved in the Middle East crisis had hoped the conflict before Hezbollah gained power.
9. resolve	Many people living in the area expected the conflict long ago.
10. remember	All presidents want as peacemakers.

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